Tylenol Common Questions & Drug Interactions

Drug interactions sometimes change how well your medications work and can increase the possibility of negative side effects. It’s important to maintain a list of all the drugs and supplements you take, along with dosage amounts and schedule of use.

Your list should include all prescription and non-prescription medications, herbal supplements and products, as well as vitamins and ointments. Keep your list current and share it regularly with all of your doctors and pharmacists.

Taking acetaminophen while taking the blood thinner warfarin has the potential to cause serious issues. N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone-imine (NAPQ1), a metabolite in acetaminophen, interferes with the synthesis of coagulation factors and vitamin K metabolism, potentially augmenting warfarin’s ability to thin the blood in an uncontrolled and possibly dangerous manner.

Acetaminophen may also have weak anti-aggregatory effects, meaning it may prevent blood platelets from binding. Research the Canadian Medical Association Journal published shows that concurrent use of warfarin and acetaminophen can lead to a higher international normalized ratio (INR) lab result, and may lead to bleeding.

A study published in the Journal of Pharmaceutics about paracetamol, the name for acetaminophen in the United Kingdom, notes that the drug-drug interaction between warfarin and paracetamol can lead to bleeding and anemia.

The interactions of phenytoin and paracetamol can lead to reduced efficacy of paracetamol and an increased risk of hepatotoxicity. The study showed the patient at risk of this interaction had both a suspicion of hepatotoxicity and an episode of pain breakout. The researchers also reported that a mix of valsartan and paracetamol can lead to hypertension and tachycardia, although the mechanism explaining this is not understood.

Can You Take Tylenol with Ibuprofen?

Available data shows that alternating use of or taking Tylenol and ibuprofen in combination is well tolerated. And there’s growing research that suggests there are benefits to doctor-managed treatment regimens combining ibuprofen and acetaminophen.

While combining Tylenol and ibuprofen or taking them in alternating fashion may reduce fevers in children more significantly than using them alone, there are concerns about potential dosing errors that can lead to unintentional overdose with this more complicated regimen.

Tylenol and ibuprofen each have potential health risks before being combined with another medication, and their use may be contraindicated for some patients. Although Tylenol and ibuprofen may make for a well-tolerated combination, their use at the same time still elevates the risk of negative effects.

Even without noticeable negative side effects, you should not take either medication long term. If you experience any side effects from Tylenol or ibuprofen, or from the combination of the two, speak to your doctor immediately.

Can You Take Tylenol with Aspirin?

Tylenol and aspirin each have potential health risks and may be contraindicated for some people. Although they are well-tolerated in combination, it’s important to note that the combined use of Tylenol and aspirin increases risk.

The FDA recognized the combination of acetaminophen (250 mg), caffeine (65 mg) and acetylsalicylic acid (250 mg) as safe and effective in treating acute headaches, especially migraines. This finding is also backed up by the American Headache Society (Level A).

The consensus is that the combined use of acetaminophen, caffeine and acetylsalicylic acid is well-tolerated in episodic tension-type headaches and is better than using acetaminophen alone. All components of this combination are safe and can be taken orally for acute migraine attacks, even when breastfeeding.

Although the combined use of Tylenol and aspirin is well tolerated, neither medication should be taken long term. Reach out to your doctor immediately if you experience any side effects from either one or the combined use of these two medications.

Can Tylenol Interact With Food?

Besides potential drug-drug interactions (pDDI) and drug-supplement interactions, Tylenol can also interact with foods and beverages.

Foods that are high in pectin (including jellies), carbohydrates and cruciferous vegetables like cabbage, broccoli and Brussels sprouts, can affect acetaminophen absorption. Research into how much effect the interactions have on acetaminophen efficacy shows no definite answers.

As for beverages, one study found that hibiscus could decrease acetaminophen levels in the bloodstream if Tylenol was taken after consumption. It’s also not clear if the decrease is clinically significant enough to change the efficacy of the medication.

Observational and interventional studies examining the effect of Tylenol on hypertension (high blood pressure) have produced conflicting results. Acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol, was shown in some studies to cause a mild increase in blood pressure, although the elevation was not associated with heart attack or stroke, while other studies have resulted in no change in blood pressure.

Findings from one 2022 clinical research trial suggested that regular daily intake of 4 g acetaminophen increased systolic blood pressure in individuals with hypertension by about 5 mm Hg compared with a placebo. The study concluded that this increase in cardiovascular risk calls into question the safety of regular acetaminophen use in similar situations.

People with any cardiovascular risk factors — obesity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, family history of heart problems — should talk to their doctor before taking Tylenol. Doctors will likely want a full list of the other medications you take for possible negative interactions.

Paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are an appropriate combination for someone to take for mild to moderate pain. In fact, acetaminophen is a first-line symptomatic treatment during pregnancy.

However, you should avoid NSAIDs in the third trimester because of their established risks. As an active ingredient in more than 600 medications used to relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce fever, acetaminophen is much more appropriate for pregnant women.

Government agencies that include the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recommend acetaminophen as a safe and effective medication for use during pregnancy particularly when used as directed.

Increasing experimental and epidemiological research suggests that prenatal exposure to acetaminophen might alter fetal development. Reported risks include neuro-developmental, urogenital and reproductive disorders. There is a need for precautionary action by increasing awareness among pregnant women and health professionals as well as more thorough focused research.

Tylenol and Autism

A study the National Institutes of Health and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality funded suggests prenatal exposure to acetaminophen may increase a child’s risk for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder.

Researchers believe that their findings show enough evidence to raise concerns about potential risks associated with prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and recommended a call for precautionary action.

Epidemiological studies suggest that prenatal exposure to acetaminophen might increase the risk of adverse neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes, such as:

Data suggests that the timing and duration of maternal use of acetaminophen is a determining factor in its safety for the newborn.

In a cohort study of 996 mother-infant pairs from the Boston Birth Cohort, cord plasma biomarkers of prenatal acetaminophen exposure were associated with significantly increased risk of autism spectrum disorder and childhood attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

A Scandinavian Journal of Pain study showed that prenatal exposure to acetaminophen is associated with:

Multiple analyses of available studies and research show a correlation between prenatal exposure to acetaminophen and its potential adverse developmental effects in children, although no conclusive studies exist.

A more recent contradictory study based on data from more than 2 million children in Sweden found no causal link between neurodevelopmental disorders and acetaminophen exposure before birth.